Severe damage to the optic nerve such that the eye is completely blind. Near response is never affected and-light-near dissociation occurs.Īn absolute pupillary defect (APD) occurs when there has been Defects can be absolute (APD) or relative (RAPD). Pupillary defects do not cause anisocoria but they do cause abnormal AnĪfferent pupillary defect signifies sight-threatening disease. This canīe caused by defects in any of the retinal layers, the optic nerve, theĬhiasm, the optic tract or the pre-tectal nucleus in the midbrain. Interferes with the input of light to the pupillomotor system. Pupil disorders may be classified into two categories:ĭamage to any part of the parasympathetic (afferent) visual pathway Referred for ophthalmological (or neurological) investigation. Longer period of time but have never been formally assessed should be Referred urgently to eye casualty for further investigation asĪbnormalities can signify sight or life-threatening conditions.įurthermore, patients who have been aware of a pupil abnormality for a Patients presenting with an acute onset pupil abnormality should be Sight and, in some cases, even their life. Furthermore, the main causes of each type of pupillary defectĪ working knowledge of pupil abnormalities allows practitioners toĭetermine an appropriate management strategy. Main types of pupil abnormalities-afferent and efferent-will beĭescribed. Part 2 of the series will assist practitioners in the differentialĭiagnosis of pupillary abnormalities. Tests for the examination of pupil function were outlined and anĪppropriate recording strategy was suggested to enable the effective Parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation of the pupil and theĬharacteristics of normal pupil function were described. Identify and understand abnormalities in pupil function. Part 1 of this series highlighted that, through careful assessmentĪnd knowledge of the underlying neuronal pathways, practitioners can To understand the relationship between pupil abnormalities and To be able to explain to patients about pupil abnormalities (Group To be able to investigate pupil abnormalities using appropriate To be able to assess pupil reactions using appropriate techniques To be able to recognise changes to pupil function by interpreting To be able to obtain relevant detail from patients presenting with Retrieved from Ĭourse code: C-38773 | Deadline: December 26, 2014
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